I Search Paper Essay

â€Å"Falling in love is like being thrown from a horse; if you let yourself go it doesn’t hurt as badly as if you try to save yourself.† This quote, quoted by Edwin Blanchard, gives you a little taste on the meaning of love. Love doesn’t have just one definition like many people believe, it has many definitions. Love is very complex and is needed by every human being. It doesn’t mean one has to be romantically involved with another person; love comes from people and things not realized by others. Friends, family, spouses, pets, and belongings are just some examples of love. This brings me to my most interesting discovery of the word â€Å"love†. Love is very important to everyone and is all around us. Even if you are a 40 year old man who has never been in a romantic relationship with anyone doesn’t mean you have never experienced love or the feeling of it because you can love anything. By researching this word I have realized that I need love and I know that I will always have some sort of love in my life. Whether it’s my family, friends, pets, or my favorite heels. There is an endless amount of love in this world we live in and there is plenty to go around. The biggest difficulty with this word was defining it. There are many thoughts and opinions on the definition of love. I don’t agree with all but I found one that I believe to be very true. To me love is seeing someone at his or her worst and their best and still loving them with all their heart. It is accepting the person for who they are and not changing them. Love also includes attraction, physical and mental, but most importantly it involves commitment, respect, loyalty, and trust. You can not force these things upon people, it is a natural thing. Love has a lot to do with fate, which I believe in. The only reason why love cannot be forced is because fate will always lead you to your true love. When you find that person, you will discover that the love you have for that them is like some kind of attachment. They become a part of you and your life. Everything you do, you consider that one person. Love is all about caring for others. When you love someone you will do anything to make him or her happy, even if it’s just the little things. You will try to reach out to them every way that you can because you know it will make them feel some type of joy. Why would you want to do that for just one person to feel happy? You do it because you care about them and love them. Care and love are perfect synonyms for each other. You love someone because you care about them and you care about someone because you love them. Those feelings cannot be controlled. It might sound great to be in love but there are also many negatives to being in love. There are many things in this world that are mistaken for love, and manipulated as the actual thing. One person can love another person more than the other person could love that person. Obstacles can often get in the way of love. They can sometimes kill a relationship and the love you had for one another. It’s all about fate; what’s meant to be, will be. And what’s not meant to be will only lead you one step closer to the fate that was chosen for you. But just remember that everyone will eventually find their one and true love and will live happily ever after.

Langston Hughes “Salvation” Essay

In this essay I will not only â€Å"inventory† my college readiness experience but I will also attempt to critique my own life skills as to assess my ability to excel in the college experience. Looking into the â€Å"Habits of Mind†, I understand you asked me to elaborate on one however two stand out. I would like to take the opportunity to expound on two. The first being metacognition, I am a conscious thinker. I consciously reflect on my past experiences personal and professional to determine my future endeavors. I believe success is a building block process. I have gained knowledge cognitively and intellectually by engaging in life as a whole. Past educational as well as life experiences have created a knowledge base that was honed by maturation. My personal life choices as well as a varied career in the military have given me insight into a knowledge base that has equipped me to with life skills that continue to go hand and hand with my professional goals. Most importantly completing a college degree. My second â€Å"Habits of Mind† skill I readily use is persistence; I can be dogmatic in my approach to success. This skill comes from a successful military career. I do not use the word can’t it is not in my vocabulary. I spent thirty years in the military all over the world because of this I was unable to complete my college degree. However it was always a goal I knew I would accomplish. I am now here to complete my goal. Now in all honesty I must expound on what I need to develop out of the eight habits I think I need to explore â€Å"Creativity† not that I am not creative but my military experience molded my state of mind for many years. I am still adjusting to civilian life and the freedom that it brings. This is a work in progress and knowing a weakness gives you the knowledge base to change and diversify my skills in the needed areas. In conclusion I am enjoying my college years and I am able to focus on the experience in its entireity because I am an older student. I don’t know if after high school I would have valued it as much as I do now. I make every day a learning day and I value the importance placed on my personal growth thru my educational experience.

Buddhist Education in Vietnam

Almost 85% of the entire population of Vietnam is Buddhist . The main reason for this vast acceptance of Buddhism is its very early entrance in Vietnam. Buddhism entered Vietnam in the beginning of second century. This was the Common Era and can be called as the first phase of the Buddhist education in Vietnam .The very first Buddhist education was given by a Taoist named Meou-Po, who later converted to Buddhism . According to many historians, even before this Taoist, some form of Buddhist education could be seen when the Chinese missionaries came to Vietnam .The Chinese missionaries came in Vietnam during the rule of Si-Nhiep. Later, two Indian monks also came from India to Vietnam, in order to practice and preach Buddhism. Ma Ha Ky Vuc and Khau Da La stayed in Vietnam for some time, later Khau Da La left whereas Ma Ha Ky Vuc stayed. Ma Ha Ky Vuc was a very religious man and used to fast for several days. According to him this helped purify his body and soul. These two Buddhist monk s first came to Northern Vietnam, which was called as Giao-Chi at that time. Mau-Bac, a Chinese Buddhist later came to Vietnam, in order to preach his religion.At that time China was the centre of a serious political conflict, hence many scholars in order to learn and preach at peace, came to Vietnam. This was a breakthrough for the Buddhism. These were the first people ever to bring in Buddhism in Vietnam. They were refugees from China and Pilgrims from India. As time passed by Buddhism became more accepted and most practiced religion in Vietnam. BEGINNING OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION A Hindu price, Gautama who did not like the idea of Hindu caste system, was the founder of Buddhism.Gautama did not believe that any man could be superior to the other and as Hinduism Brahmans are considered superior, he left this religion . Gautama had spent many years wandering and meditating. In the end he found answers to all his questions and hence found the path of enlightenment, â€Å"nirvana†. According to Buddhism, nirvana is the path to endless serenity. It is free from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth. Moreover, a person will achieve salvation if he believes in the four noble truths.These four noble truths are that a man suffers in all his consecutive lives; the reason for his sufferings is his wants for earthly things, when the person frees himself from all the wants of earthly things he then achieves deliverance. The last noble truth says that a person can achieve deliverance by following the eightfold noble path . So how did Buddhism actually spread? During the time Si-Nhiep ruled Giao-Chi, it was considered as a safe place. Mau-Bac came to Vietnam looking for peace and tranquility. After coming to Vietnam, he studied Buddhism from an Indian monk named Ksudra .Ma Ha Ky Vuc who also came to Vietnam got together with Mau-Bac and started preaching their religion. Ksudra also started helping them, hence people in Vietnam, who never knew what Buddhism was, started learning and accepting it. These were the very first people to start preaching and teaching Buddhism. Their teaching is the very early form of teachings found in Vietnam. After these, many Buddhist monks came to Vietnam. Khang Tang Hoi and Cuong Luong Lau were two monks who made a lot of difference. They translated many Buddhist books into Chinese.As Vietnamese culture at that time was influenced a lot by Chinese and Chinese was the official language used , hence translating these books made a lot of difference to people who could not read or write other languages . PHASES OF VIETNAMESE BUDDHISM The history of Buddhist education in Vietnam can be studied by dividing it into four separate phases or periods. – The formation of Buddhism in Vietnam. This started from the common era and lasted till the end of Chinese dominion – Climax of Buddhism. Buddhism was at its peak during the independence – The decadence after the Le Dynasty– Revival period. This starte d in the beginning of the 20th century and has not ended yet. The period before the Common Era lays the foundation for the beginning and development of Buddhist education in Vietnam. It was the time when Siddhartha Gautama, who will later attain enlightenment and will be called as ‘Buddha’ was born. As he was born in India, Indians were the first to learn Buddhism. Later when Buddhism came to China, many Chinese monks went to Vietnam in order to spread Buddhism. However, it believed that the Chinese and Indian merchants came to Vietnam for trading.They brought monks with them saying that the monks were the â€Å"calmer of the sea† These monks started preaching their religion in Vietnam. It was easy for them to teach their religion to many people at a time, as Luy-Lau, later known as Ha-Bac was the centre of all trading activities. All the merchants who came here to trade, and merchants who were travelling between India and China, stopped here to rest, therefore, monks were able to spread their religion very easily. Many missionary activities were started as a result. Monasteries were built and Buddhism became important.This was the first time ever in the history of Vietnam, that monasteries were built . The next period or phase proved to be best for Vietnamese Buddhism. In this period Buddhist studies were at their peak and many famous people and rulers converted to this religion. It was when King Dinh Tien Hoang came in to power. Buddhism has its own hierarchy of monks and priests who were accepted by the court. Buddhism was now supported by the royal court and this helped many positive changes to take place. Buddhists were now respected and were considered as learned people.They were asked advice by the royal court and the rulers before taking decisions. This helped them get involved in many political and religious decisions and hence providing many decisions to be taken according to them. This era truly proved to be the best for Buddhist studies and it became one of the most predominant religions. After this, many kings and emperors converted to Buddhism. Many laws came into practice in this era, which were influenced by Buddhism, and hence were in favor of the Buddhists. Van Hanh became a Buddhist in this period.He is known as the meditation master and has influenced many people to convert to Buddhism. Any ruler who was not Buddhists was at least the supporter of Buddhism and this was a very positive point for the Buddhists. In 1010 A. D, almost eight monasteries were built in Ha Bac. All other monasteries and Buddhist temples were also repaired. Tripitaka texts, which were in China initially, were brought in Vietnam. Thousands of Buddha statues and paintings were made and set up. Festivals were set up. Many new monasteries such as Sung Kharh monastery and monastery at Mount Ba were built. In 1086 A.d Dai Lam monastery was built in Ha Bac. Later in 1118 A. D Thien Phat was built which had almost 1,000 Buddha statu es . BUDDHIST STUDIES The entire Buddhist education comes from the studies of Buddha, who is the supreme teacher. All of the studies root from saddha, which is the faith in triple Gem. Depdnding upon these studies the students are taught according to the five rules. The students should know the rules, their reason and their appliance in daily lives. Most importantly, they should appreciate all these rules and believe in them. The students should know what is generosity and self sacrifice.These are essential elements that help the students overcome their worldly desires, their selfishness and greed. These five moral rules are dependent on each other. A student can gain by suta, which is by extensive reading of Buddhism texts. According to Buddhist studies the knowledge of a person is dependent on his inside belief of truth i. e. Dhamma. Calm and insight are the two main elements of any Buddhist teaching. In Buddhist education tasks and wisdom are dependent on each other. A student ca n attain wisdom by deep investigation, discussion and intelligence.This wisdom was the basic instruments which lead Buddha to salvation. This wisdom is the crown of all educations of Buddhism. Without wisdom, education is incomplete. Before French, people were chosen based on their education. These were officials known as â€Å"mandarins†. Learning was very important in those times. It was not just education but it lead a person to intellectual understanding, social standing, wealth and power. Buddhism came directly from India, hence there are many words in Vietnamese Buddhism which are influenced or are taken directly from India. The word Buddha is also taken as it is.However, as the Vietnamese culture is influenced a lot from the Chinese, hence when Chinese monks came to Vietnam, the word Buddha was replaced by the word Phat. In those days, Buddhism in Vietnam was influenced by Theravada Buddhism. It was seen as religion which helped good people and punished the bad. It was very difficult to teach Buddhism at that time as very little literature was available. Vietnamese had no written script; hence a few translations were made in Chinese. The era between 544 and 602 was an independent era and was helpful in spreading Buddhism

Fluid mechanics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Fluid mechanics - Assignment Example (1) Continuity Equation: from the consideration of mass conservation one can show that the net volume of fluid per unit time always remains constant as the fluid is incompressible (no variation in density), giving us where HL denotes the Head Lost due to fluid resistance, and all other symbols expressing usual meanings. While the first term is known as Static Head or Pressure Head, the second term is called Velocity Head; and the third term, denoting the Potential Head is zero in our case as the height of the axis at the inlet and outlet is same. In order to verify the basic laws of fluid dynamics, we have used a Venturi Tube or Venturimeter as described in the figure above. The fluid (water in our case) is allowed to flow in through the left-hand-side valve and it goes out through the right-hand-side valve of exactly equal cross-sectional area. In between these two extreme ends, there exists 9 other locations along the axis of the Tube where capillaries are inserted to measure the Pressure Head of the fluid flow from the height of the water in each tube. Thus, one can measure pressure at 11 different locations along the axis of the Venturimeter which is assumed to be the zero Potential Energy line for the fluid. As soon as the fluid flows through the Tube, the total time taken by it to cross-over the horizontal length of the Tube is also noted using a stopwatch, to calculate the Volumetric Flow Rate after determining the total volume of water collected. Besides, the height of the water in each of the 11 different capillary tubes is also measured and tabulated in Tables 1-3 below, for 3 different volumes of inflows. We observe here as well that there exists mismatch in the Total Energy. Since the Total Energy at the inflow valve was 0.2793 and that at the outflow valve was 0.2402, the Head Lost due to fluid resistance may be calculated as Another important observation needing special mentioning is that of Head Lost due to flow

Essay on the subject Cultural and Ethical Values

On the subject Cultural and Ethical Values - Essay Example ed upon, and they consist of the following: "having a just cause, being a last resort, being declared by a proper authority, possessing right intention, having a reasonable chance of success, and the end being proportional to the means used" (Moseley, 2009). One can clearly see that although these principles are commonly accepted, they are open for interpretation and extrapolation. They allow a certain amount of flexibility and do not provide a strict ethical framework, as the principles and the interpretations of them can be quite vague at times ("Catholic Just War", n.d). Possessing a just cause is the first principle and probably the most important one, and it is very intrinsic as it stems from the very definition of a just war. It is commonly held that initiating an act of aggression is an unjust thing, and gives the attacked party the right to defend itself and initiate a counter-strike. The latter will be declared as a just war, as it is merely a response to the aggression being performed by the first party. However, the very concept of aggression is quite open-ended, as it can refer to a violation against territory, an insult which represents aggression towards the national honor, a trade embargo, etc. be that as it may, if an act of aggression has been committed and recognized as such, the party to whom the act had been done has the just right to react to it as they choose, and this will be considered as just (Johnson, 1984). What this means is that self-defense against an act of aggression is basically the only sufficient reason for a just war. But this can also be expanded to cases in which the first party has not yet attacked but it is clear that this is his intention and that hell be doing so soon. This is referred to as a preemptive strike, and is relevant to some other principles for a just war. Another principle for a just war which is also very much connected to the situation of a preemptive strike is being a last resort. This addresses the

Does diet have an impact on breast cancer recurrence Literature review

Does diet have an impact on breast cancer recurrence - Literature review Example These factors then influence the recurrence of breast cancer. Therefore, improved diet and increased physical activity lead to reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence. Pathophysiology is the study of the changes that occur in the body as a result of the presence of a given disease. One of the diseases that need to be described using through pathophysiology is the breast cancer. The pathophysiology of breast cancer uncovers the development of breast cancer in the body of a human being so that the necessary treatment and prevention strategies can be enhanced (Nelson et al, 2012). Breast cancer results from various personal, environmental and hereditary factors. Pathophysiology on breast cancer indicates that the disease develops due to some damages on the DNA including lesions which often occur as a result of genetic mutations. The immune system may also fail to act on cancerous cells, and lead to the development of the disease. Another cause of the disease is the malfunctioning of a growth factor during cell division and growth of the breast. Breast cancer may also be caused by inherited genetic damages on the DNA (Panjari et al, 2012). Receptors a nd hormones also play a crucial role in the development of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells have some receptors which may bind hormones and trigger changes in the cell compositions. Some of the receptors include estrogen receptor, HER2 and progesterone receptor. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF), cancer is the leading type of cancer affecting women in the world and the most common cancer overall in terms of prevalence. There were nearly 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosis in 2012 (World Cancer Research Fund International 2012). The leading country in terms of diagnosed cases is Belgium. United Kingdom was seventh while United States was ninth. About 3.2 million people with cancer in developed countries still

Video Analysis 3 Socio cultural Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Analysis 3 Socio cultural Theory - Essay Example They gain increased responsibility and become fully participative in the activities under consideration. It is worth pointing that when learners are engaged in playful environments, their cognitive abilities are enhanced. This enables them to perform challenging tasks with assistance (Mitchell and Myles, 2004, p. 262). The video outlines the reasons behind fostering interaction in the classroom. Interaction accommodates learning differences and styles from different students while providing students with an excellent environment for getting involved in different cognitive abilities. Further, interaction motivates students to learn through improving on task engagement while enabling students to get involved in engaging activities. The video uses two examples to elaborate on the aforementioned reasons of fostering student interaction. According to Foster and Ohta (2005), assistance enables a learner to do something that he/she would not have otherwise done (p. 414). This is exemplified in the video, where students are seen assisting one another in the various tasks. For instance, in the second example in the video, we see the students assisting each other to write a correct sentence. The teacher finally assists them to develop correct sentences. Interaction is another crucial aspect, which is exemplified in the video. Establishment and management of an interactive environment is essential in facilitating learning (Zuengler and Miller, 2006). In the video, students are seen interacting with others and with their teacher in completing the tasks given. Further, playing and attempting challenging tasks (in assistance) help students to enhance their cognitive abilities. In the video, specifically in the first example, students are seen engaging in a competitive situation. This is tantamount to playing, which enables students to think fast (whether the sentence given is true or false). In the second example in the video,

Research paper nuclear testing in North Korea Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuclear testing in North Korea - Research Paper Example President Obama further went on to denote that the act by North Korea will increase the isolation of North Korea, from the international community. It is important to denote that this nuclear test by North Korea was unexpected, despite the regime issuing a warning on the 24th of January 2013, that it would conduct a nuclear test (Davenport, 11). However, the regime did not identify a specific date that it would undertake the nuclear test. It is important to understand that this announcement was made; just two days after the Security Council of the United Nations passed a decision to strengthen the sanctions that were placed against North Korea (Park, Kyung-Ae, and Mark, 39). These sanctions were in response to the decision by North Korea to launch a satellite on the December 12th 2012. It is important to understand that the security council of the United Nations seeks to prevent Pyongyang from launching satellites, and this is because the technology used in launching a satellite is directly used for purposes of making ballistic missiles (Davenport, 33). North Korea is considered a rogue regime, and on this basis, the United Nations cannot trust the regime with a ballistic or nuclear weapon. It is important to understand that the road for North Korea becoming a nuclear state began on October 2006, when the country conducted its first nuclear. The other nuclear test was conducted by North Korea on May 2009. Prior to conducting a nuclear test in 2006, North Korea announced that it no longer recognized the treaty of nuclear nonproliferation. This was on April 2003. In as much as North Korea withdrew from the treaty, the United Nations, and other countries who signed the treaty have not recognized this withdrawal. On this basis, the Security Council of the United Nations, under resolution 2009, and 2006 makes it mandatory for North Korea to abandon all its nuclear activities, and

Generating Revenue in Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Generating Revenue in Healthcare - Assignment Example This is achieved by offering of services that otherwise cannot be offered adequately by the bereaved family. This also takes the burden that could otherwise have been born by the bereaved family and thus the family focuses fully on the funeral ceremony. How else could you appease the deceased other than letting them spend their last moments with their family? The food and beverage department offers a number of services. First and foremost, the program offers meals for the mourning gathering. The mourners as well as the family would like to have food to take them through during their stay with the bereaved. The department thus is able to provide meals offered four times a day. First, there is the morning breakfast that is taken at 7 o’clock. This comprises black tea, black coffee, and milk and fruit salad. There are also refreshments during the mid morning that comprises fresh juice, sodas, snacks such as biscuits and even donoughts. During the lunch hours, meals are also provided. This meal comprises vegetables, French fries, rice, cereals among other foods. There is also evening refreshment offered between 4 to 5 p.m. This comprises tea, coffee, milk, juices and fruit salad. Supper then follows u a few hours later and is served at approximately 8 pm. This meal comprises French fries, vegetables, rice, cereals and rounded up by a glass of wine. However, these meals are not fixed as suggestions from the host family are highly considered. Diversity and flexibility is a virtue that the department embraces and thus whatever you wish to be displayed in the menu will be granted. The department also offers tents for hire. This tends offer shelter during the rough weather conditions. Chairs and tables are also being offered by the department to offer comfort ability during the services. Also offered is the public address system to ensure quality communication standards within the function. Humans

How to reduce turnover and retain qualified associates at walmart Research Paper

How to reduce turnover and retain qualified associates at walmart (specifically management, in rural stores) - Research Paper Example Contributing to Wal-Mart’s high employee turnover rate are the characteristics of the jobs they offer, such as low hourly wages, inadequate benefits, constantly changing schedules, and little possibility of advancement. (Lichtenstein and Johansson, 2011) Obviously, these characteristics will not attract the most qualified or career oriented applicants (i.e. recent college graduates). According to Danny Baisden, Co-Manager of the MacArthur, West Virginia, Wal-Mart, â€Å"we will need to replace 30% of our work force in the next year, management and hourly associates. We also have a current shortage of associates. The stores hands are tied and are not able to negotiate with current applicants on salary and benefits. This makes the stores less competitive†. (Baisden, 2010) In West Virginia, more than 25 percent of the state’s 980,000 working-age adults (25-64 years old) hold at least a two-year degree, according to 2008 Census data. This compares to a national average of around 38 percent. Attainment rates in West Virginia are increasing modestly, even though the proportion of degree-holding young adults — those 25-34 years old — mirrors that of the overall adult population. (Lumina Foundation for Education, 2010) Many recent graduates are turning down good job offers, holding out for better jobs and salaries in the belief that a college degree entitles them to more than entry level," says Ogunwole. "In today's job market, that's just not realistic." (2009 College Grads Moving Home in Large Numbers, 2009) However, an entry level position with very good probability for advancement may be much more attractive to these recent graduates and other well qualified individuals. In order for Wal-Mart to attract better qualified applicants, some policy changes must be made. For example, Wal-Mart could create a system where employee wages increase with the amount of time associates are employed with the company and with an employee’s skills and experience. (Lichtenstein and Johansson, 2011) Wal-Mart could also offer their employees better benefits, such as less expensive health insurance. Another suggestion would be to provide employees with more stable schedules so that they are not constantly ch anging. Wal-Mart could also create more hourly positions which include greater responsibilities, training and higher wages for those positions. Finally, Wal-Mart can provide their employees with better opportunities for advancement within the company. (Lichtenstein and Johansson, 2011) Methodology In order to determine whether the suggested changes will reduce employee turnover rates, perhaps they can be implemented in one store or one geographical area such as the store in MacArthur, West Virginia. Once changes are in place for some time (i.e. one year), Wal-Mart will be able to see whether or not they have an effect on employee turnover rates. Study Subjects Subjects for the study may include associates currently employed at the store. College students in the area may also be subjects for the study. Data Collection Before making changes, current Wal-Mart associates could complete questionnaires regarding what they believe is important, would be most beneficial to them, and increas e the likelihood of them remaining with the company. Wal-Mart may also want to survey college students in the area in order to determine what would make employment at Wal-Mart more attractive to them. Once this data is collected and analyzed, these questionnaires can provide the company with a better of understanding of their current employees’

Influence of American Pop Culture and Media Essay Example for Free

Influence of American Pop Culture and Media Essay Pop culture and the media has firmly imbedded itself into the mindset of todays society resulting in people emulating and interpreting as hard fact everything that they see and hear through TV, magazines or radio. This is due to the fact that popular media has becomes a window into the rest of the world for most people because of its availability, entertaining qualities and popularity with a majority of ones pears. This has caused a mindset to develop wherein individuals believe that what they see in the media and what is being espoused in popular culture is what they should be like. As a result what has been created is a culture of emulation wherein people dress like what they see on T. V. and in magazines, act the same way as their idols, develop systems of beliefs based on what they perceive to be the norm and finally go so far as to change their very bodies all in an effort to become what they perceive to be the way they should be as dictated by pop culture and the media. The novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is a depiction of the end result of a cultural attitude of relying too much on popular media as source of information in ones daily life. It portrays a dystopian society where books are illegal and people get all their information from TV or the radio shows resulting in a society where no new ideas are created and suffers from a distinct lack of being able to learn from its mistakes or to think for itself. Compared to todays media based society where people have become increasingly reliant on popular media in the form of TV and radio to nearly the verge of addiction the future described by Bradbury doesnt seem far off. What this paper will seek to examine is the positive and negative effects of popular media on society and how it effects the behavior of society in general. Positive effects of pop culture and the media Cultural Understanding Popular culture and the media has given rise to an assortment of cultural attitudes adopted by different cultures around which are distinctly American. As a result cultures and societies which normally wouldnt have anything to do with the U. S. all of sudden have adopted American customs as their own due the influence of pop culture and the media. This has resulted in the spread of the English language, the creations of a distinct appreciation of the American movie industry as well as a growing dependence on American programming as way to pass the time. Through mass media people have been connected in a way that hasnt been present since the start of civilization. Movie stars have fans in the millions, along with various TV actors and music artists. It has come to a point wherein American pop culture has an almost religious following in the form of the numerous fans who idolize American stars (Hollander 2010). Growth of American business Pop culture and mass media is an ever growing industry brining in hundreds of billions of dollars in annual earnings. In the form of advertising deals, satellite TV fees, merchandising and other forms of money making schemes generated by the industry. As a result the pop culture of American is actually helping to support the U. S. economy since not only are there people willing to buy products that they see on TV or in magazines in the U. S. but there are foreign buyers as well who are just as adamant in buying these products, if not more so (Hollander 2010) . Negative Effects of Media Creation of a materialistic culture Due to the obsession of the public over what they see in magazines and TV the result has been a culture that is obsessed over brand name goods, unique gadgets or anything that their idols on TV are shown to be using whether it be a brand of water or a type of earring the general public becomes so obsessed with trying to look like them that they spend thousands of dollars doing so. No where is this more obvious that with the brand of shoe wear Nike. In order to get specific shoe models like the Air Jordans or other such version associated with a famous star a lot of shoe aficionados are willing to pay hundreds or even thousands of dollars just to collect items that for them are associated with a famous individual. This is due to the proliferation of commercials portraying their stars using these sort of products which results in people buying just for the sake of being more like their idols even if the product is grossly overpriced and overrated. Not only that but people in the process of buying these products develop huge credit card debt because of another development of pop culture namely the use of the credit card wherein instead of waiting and saving to obtain a certain product people satiate their immediate desires by using a credit card with its â€Å"buy now pay later† attractiveness. Which unfortunately has resulted in a attitude of bad spending and debt as a result of the America’s credit card culture. Creation of a TV centric culture Pop culture and the media has created a culture literally obsessed with televisions. Individuals spend hours on end watching TV and not moving from a single spot. This is due to the fact that a lot of shows are so entertaining and geared toward keeping an audience riveted in their seats that few people have the inclination to do otherwise. It is due to this that most people prefer watching TV than reading books or even going out for regular exercise resulting in a rise in the number of cases of people being overweight or even being obese due to lack of exercise. Not only that but a slow mental deterioration has occurred with a percentage of the population since instead of books they prefer the convenience of televisions resulting in a population that is actually more insular and less prone to new ideas and concepts as a result of this preference of TV over books. Effects on Society Development of Stereotypes Since popular forms of media such as TV, magazines and radio are thought of as windows to the world most individuals believe that the cultural connotations and the portrayal of individual ethnicities in TV programs as well as their unique characterizations are based on reality. The truth is that most of what is being portrayed is meant to entertain and amuse and audience and not be taken as hard fact. The end result is truth blended with fiction to such an extent that the distinction between the two is blurred and results in false impressions and perceptions. These impressions can cause a negative impact on how a particular ethnic group is thought of in reality. In movies and television series different ethnic groups always seem to have a generic characterization of the way that their particular race is suppose to act. This has resulted in a situation wherein these ethnic groups are rarely seen as anything else even outside of realm of media and popular culture. An example of this sort of perception is the characterization of African Americans in movies and programs. They are shown as loving to wear expensive jewelry, oversized clothes, have gold plated teeth or that nearly all of them are related to gang affiliated violence, have tattoos prominently placed on enjoy sporting shaved heads (Associated Content 2010). In reality this particular perception may not be true at all as evidenced by the current U. S. President who is an African American and does not seem to conform to the image portrayed by the media as what a black person is like. Unfortunately due to their portrayal in the media black Americans are often thought of as having criminal tendencies and being inherently violent with no actual basis on this perception aside from what is in the entertainment industry. Another ethnic group that is often maligned in movies and television shows are Asians. They are commonly associated as possessing the distinct inability to be understood, having a distinct inability in speaking the English language, are in possession of strange accents and strange association with all Asians as being of Chinese origin. As a result of their portrayal in popular media discrepancies occur in what people believe Asians to be and how they really are. Image Issues The power of the media is such that people are easily influenced by what they see. They choose to emulate even when that emulation leads to disastrous consequences. For adolescents the idea of what it means to beautiful is based upon their impressions of what is being portrayed by the media, these days the image that the media has been espousing is the idea that being thin equates to being beautiful. This is shown through the numerous commercial, magazine and billboard models who are all nearly stick thin and shallow faced. This has led to todays popular notion that being thin is in resulting in the numerous cases of eating disorders of adolescents who are desperate to look thin in order to appear beautiful in other people’s eyes (Kendrick 2008). The popularity of dieting is such that based on studies that have been conducted nine out of 10 people have tried dieting in the past in order to lose weight. This obsession with dieting is due to constant references to it via popular media either through magazine articles, sitcom characters and even models quoted during interviews. It is a fact that the media has created the concept that in order for women to attract men they have to be beautiful and since the idea being popularized by the media is that being thin makes you look beautiful a lot of women wind up dieting in order to conform to this image of beauty to attract a potential partner (Perez – Cueto 2009). The media through its proliferation of programs, advertisements and articles that portray thin women as being beautiful and popular is definitely at fault for the growing number of adolescents who have been affected by eating disorders. Adolescents are at the age wherein they are easily influenced by whatever they see and hear. This results that they possess the need to be accepted by others and feel like they are needed. With the media showing that being thin means being popular and well accepted it is no wonder that cases of adolescent anorexia have risen. Conclusion While American pop culture and mass media does have a good side since it does support the proliferation of the American culture to other societies around the world the advantages do not outweigh the disadvantages. Mass media has actually caused a devolution in the way people think since they prefer the mind numbing effects of television than that of mental stimulation from books. That through the spread of popular culture misconceptions arose about the different ethnic groups out there which people believe as the truth due to their reliance on popular media. That people have been becoming lazier, more easily influenced and more likely to cause irreparable damage to their bodies due the influences that have affected their minds. In the end American pop culture and mass media while being immensely popular is also a source of immense deterioration of the common sense and intellect of society.

Microbiology and Bacteria Essay Example for Free

Microbiology and Bacteria Essay Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which must be viewed with the aid of a microscope or electron microscope. The importance of microbiology includes: used in biomedical research, creation of medicines, environmental applications and new research tools. Disease causing organisms include: protists, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. Bacteria are important for fixing N2 in a usable form for plants. Bacteria and some fungi are important in decomposition and recycling of raw materials. Industry applications of microbiology: waste management, food industry, mining, medicine, research and biotechnology. 1660’s Robert Hooke observed microorganisms for the first time with a microscope and coined the term â€Å"cell†. 1632-1723 Anton van Leeuwenhoek credited with having observed the first bacteria. 1828-1898 Ferdinand Cohn developed the first classification scheme based on bacteria shape. Cohn detailed and described the life cycle of Bacillus. Cohn’s Classification System: Sphaerobacteria are spherically shaped. Microbacteria are rod shaped Desmobacteria are filamentous Spirobacteria are spiral shaped 1822-1895 Louis Pasteur Defined pasteurization to prevent spoilage of food by bacteria, develop vaccines and disproved the scientific dogma of â€Å"Spontaneous Generation†. He defined â€Å"Germ Theory† and demonstrated that germs were responsible for disease. 1843-1910 Robert Koch identified anthrax and developed agar growth medium. Koch’s postulates was a systematic method to establish the microbial cause of disease. Ignaz Semmelweis was the first to recognize the need for good hygiene during medical procedures. The first to identify nosocomial infections. 1827-1912 Joseph Lister developed antiseptic methods for use in surgery and medicine. 1854-1915 Paul Ehrlich developed chemotherapy to cure infectious diseases and discovers antibiotics to treat sleeping sickness and syphilis. 1881-1951 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and lysozyme. 1864-1920 Dmitri Ivansvski discovered the first virus which is known as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). 1952 Hershey Chase Experiments identified that DNA was the genetic material of bacteriophages. Hershey Case Experiment: using phage radioactively labeled with P32 (DNA) or S35 (protein) they infected bacteria cells. They found the P32 inside the bacteria not S35. Recommendations for Success in Microbiology Successful completions of general biology 2 semesters Knowledge of basic chemistry and biochemistry Basic understanding of classification Review layout of text book used in the course. Read and master learning objectives laid out in the text book. Master definitions presented in the course.

The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay

The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay What is Deep Vein Thrombosis or well known as DVT. Did you ever heard about blood clot? A condition which a blood clot thrombus forms in a vein is known as venous thrombosis. Blood flow through the vein can be limited by the blood clot, resulting in swelling and pain. Most commonly occurs in the deep vein in the legs, thigh or pelvis but it can still happen elsewhere in the body (Pai and Douketis, 2012). The larger veins that go through the muscles of the calf and thigh are deep leg veins. They are not the veins that we can see just below our skins, neither are the same as varicose vein. Deep Vein Thrombosis is most common in adults over age 60 but it can happen at any age as well. DVT usually can cause embolism when a part or all of the blood clot in the vein breaks off from the site where it is formed and travel along the venous system. DVT can lead to long lasting problem. It can damage the vein and cause the leg to ace, swell, change color and leg sores after years. What cause deep vein clots to form? Blood clot can form in veins when you are inactive. For instant, clots can form if you are paralyzed or sit while on a long journey. Surgery, injury and cancer also can damage your blood vessel and lead to blood clot. If DVT remain in the legs it can cause a few complications including phlebitis and leg ulcer also can lead to pulmonary embolism. Phlebitis is a condition which blood clots with inflammation in superficial vein was rarely cause serious problem but if blood clot in deep veins happen require instant attention because it can lead to embolism. Deep Vein Thrombosis can cause the blood flow in the vein is partially or completely blocked by the blood clot. The common site for DVT is in calf vein and a thigh vein is less commonly affected while DVT is rarely happen in other deep veins. There are few alternative names for DVT such as thromboembolism, post-phlebitic syndrome or post-thrombotic syndrome. A pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening complication and long-distance flights may contribute to the risk of DVT or also known as economy-class syndrome. Coronary heart disease, being overweight or obese, cigarette smoking, pregnancy, family history of DVT or recent surgery or injury also can lead for DVT to happen. A DVT is often just a one-of event after a major operation has been done. However, some people who develop a DVT have an ongoing risk of a further DVT. If have a blood clotting problem or continued immobility, then everybody are advised to seek for a medical care or take anticoagulation such as heparin injection (a fter which they are prescribed warfarin) to avoid further complication. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Histopathology Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been places onto glass slides also can well describe about the histopathology. Regarding with DVT, its histopathology is quite complex to understand. Differential diagnostic considerations prior to thrombolytic treatment and surgery should include tumours. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by a biopsy but CT and MRI also bring quite a role in diagnosing DVT. However, CT and MRI just such a waste when the disease is at an advanced stage because any of these examinations should be done in the early stage of disease. Based on Phlebol (2006), soleal vein was the most frequent site of DVT. At first, primary thrombi would be formed at soleal veins, then its will propagate to proximal veins. The proximal veins would be occluded by fresh thrombi, thereafter secondary thrombi were made at non-drainage calf veins. Paterson and McLachlin found that most venous thrombi consisted of two regions. One of it is composed predominantly of fibrin and trapped erythrocyte while the other one are composed mostly by aggregated platelets. The fibrin-rich regions that attached the thrombi to the vessel wall, while the platelet-rich regions localized further from the site of attachment. These show that activation of coagulation system come before platelet activation and collection during the formation of venous thrombi (Lopez et al, n.d). Based on that informatio n, we know that the use of anti-platelets drug in venous thrombosis is very limited. Histopathology evidence in DVT shows that coagulation occurs on or nearer to the endothelial surface. When coagulation starts on the endothelial surface, platelets may be regrouped to the fibrin clot rich in thrombin through adhesive interactions and it will result to further thrombus growth. Based on everything that stated above, we can say that the platelet collection localize to regions of the clot that are far away from its site of attachment and anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin has prove that it can reduce the risk of DVT in our precious life. 2.2 Causes and Risk Factors Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clots forms in a deep vein in our body. DVT always happen in the legs but it can still happen in your arms, chest, or other areas of your body. The blood clot can block our circulation or lodge in a blood vessel in our lungs, heart, or other part of our body and can cause severe organ damage and can lead to death. This topic will reveal about every causes and risk factors that can lead to DVT. There are many causes and risk of DVT. Some of that are: A person will have DVT when a veinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s inner lining is damaged. There are many factors that can lead to this injury. For instant it can be cause by physical, chemical, or biological factors. Besides, surgery, serious injuries, inflammation and immune responses also can be the causes to it. DVT can also happen when the blood flow is sluggish or slow. Immobility or lack of motion can cause sluggish or slow blood flow. This condition always occurs after the surgery, bed rest for a long period and having a long journey that take a long time. A condition which blood is thicker or more likely tend to clot than normal (thrombophilia) also can result in DVT. This is due to inherited condition such as V Leiden factor that increase the risk of blood clotting. Apart from that, hormone therapy or birth control pills also can increase the risk of blood clot. The contraceptive pill and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has small increased risk of DVT since the oestrogen in it can cause the blood to clot slightly more easily. People with cancer or heart failure can also increase the risk for DVT. Usually, investigation looking for the cause of DVT may show cancer to be the underlying cause. Older people over the age 60 years also likely to have DVT particularly if they have poor mobility or having a serious illness that can stop them to do a lot of action. Pregnancy also increased the risk for DVT to happen. Normally, within six month after they give birth or while they are pregnant. Dehydration will increase the chances for DVT because the blood becomes more sticky an liable to clot. As a male, precaution should be taken because men tend to develop a DVT more often than women. Being an obese person also can lead to DVT. There are many causes and risk of DVT that we are unaware of it for the certain time.DVT can happen anywhere in our body part and also can attack everybody in different ages but older people are more vulnerable to it. The most risky patient to have DVT is after having a surgery because the blood can easily clot if it not cared in a good ways. Lack active persons also are in a high risk of DVT since it will cause the blood to flow slowly and easily to clot. DVT also can be inherited and wrong pill intake also can result in DVT. In easy word, there are many causes and risks that can lead to DVT and every citizen around this world should take every safety precaution to avoid DVT. 2.3 Incidence and Comparison There are many people around this world that have experience DVT. About 2 million Americans have experienced DVT each year without they are realizing it. Based on Convenient option for DVT (2012), the exact incidence of DVT is still unknown in Malaysia but there is growing evidence that DVT is not uncommon in Asians. Based on autopsy studies, hospital audits of admission to major hospitals and also subclinical DVT in high risk situations such as after major joint surgeries show that there is increment of the incidence. According to Prof Hatem Salem, Head of Department, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, there is grave misconception that DVT is rare in Asians because he finds out that Asians too are at risk of DVT (Convenient option for DVT, 2012). Commonly, DVT happen after post-surgeries and a few reports have appeared with high incidence of DVT in orthopedic patients comparable to Western study. Dhillon, Askander and Doraisamy (1996) suggest that the present practice of withhold ing routine prophylaxis against thromboembolism in Asian patients undergoing high-risk orthopaedic procedure should be reconsidered. In Western countries, DVT occurs in 45% to 84% of patients after hip and knee surgery in the absence of prophylaxis (Stulberg et al, 1984) but there is a firm belief that the complications is quite rare in Asian patients. Lack of awareness in Asia of a condition that become one of the main killer factors in West is due to the faith that thromboembolic disease is rare in Asia. Since DVT always have been linked with post-operative so every patient that have undergoes surgery should take a good care of their health to avoid DVT. However, there are few opinions that stated DVT is rare in Asians and the first report was made by Tinckler in 1964 stated that there is rarity of post-operative DVT and pulmonary embolism in Asians (Tun et al, 2004). A study that has been made in a few Asians country like Malaysia, Hong Kong and Japan also show that there is low incidence post-operative DVT has happened around this country. A few incidences in Asians can be taken to make a comparison with the Western to show differences in frequency of DVT in this world. In developed countries of the Western area show that DVT and consequent pulmonary embolism is still becomes the number one threat to post-surgery while in Asian specifically in Malaysia show that there is still low incidence of DVT after the operation done. A study has been made in United Kingdom to represent Western hemisphere and Malaysia as Asianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s representator. In UK, Sandler and Martin found that 9% of patients admitted to a general hospital died and 10% of these deaths were due to pulmonary embolism that originated from DVT of lower limb. Based on a study made in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia on 45 patients, only one positive DVT confirm among 45 patients that have been observed. There is only 2.2% and this good result show incidence of DVT among patient in Asia is still low (Tun et al, 2004). In a nut shell, the incidence of postoperative DVT in Asian patients is not low as is commonly believed and also it is not high like we know. Larger studies are needed to settle this controversy and find out all the true fact regarding this matter. Based on study that has been made above, routine practice of withholding prophylaxis in Asian patients undergoing high-risk orthopaedic procedure should be reconsidered. We can conclude that DVT is still low in Asians but we should be aware of DVT in the future because it is too risky to take this matter as small things. 2.4 Mortality and Morbidity If DVT is left untreated, there are many bad effects can happen and some of that can result in mortality and morbidity. There is short-terms morbidity in DVT such as cardiopulmonary consequences that may delay weaning from mechanical ventilation and there is also long-term morbidity like patient-centered consequences such as chronic venous insufficiency. Based on Vascular Medicine (1998), short-term mortality for DVT patient is reported to range between 7% and 15% only while long-term mortality has record a great number of deaths for patient with DVT. In a Dutch study of 355 patients, 90 died during follow up. Patients with a DVT are at risk for morbidity and mortality since a fragment of the thrombus can embolize to the lungs. Anthony and Bon (2004), suggested that about one half of patients with an untreated proximal DVT will develop a pulmonary embolism within 3 months. In the past, contrast venography has been used to rule out DVT. Nevertheless, due to some problem such as expend iture of manpower and time, space and equipment and most importantly is it also associated with morbidity, it was been terminated and been replaced with other machine that can overcome this problem. There are many indications of short-term mortality of patients with DVT such as cancer, pulmonary embolism and major bleeding. There are also many caused that can lead to long-term mortality such as malignancy, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and anticoagulant related to hemorrhage. 2.5 Pathophysiology 2.6 Signs and Symptoms There are few symptoms to recognize DVT but often DVT occurs without any symptoms. The symptoms of DVT are related to obstruction of blood returning to the heart and causing a pooling of blood in the leg. Patient with DVT will undergo swelling of the affected leg and the leg may feel warm and look reddish. Apart from that, patient calf or thigh may ache or feel tender if it is been touch or squeeze or when stand or move. There are no symptoms appear if the blood clot is small and for some cases, Pulmonary Embolism is the first sign that confirm for DVT. Basically, it can be hard to detect DVT since some of the symptoms are same with other health problems. Sign and symptoms alone are not enough to determine the DVT but when risk factor is take under considerable, then it can help to determine likelihood of DVT. Some of the common sign and symptoms of DVT: Pain Swelling(edema) Tenderness Redness or skin color changes Skin warmth Discoloration Distention of veins surface Discomfort when the foot is pulled upward Leg fatigue Signs and symptoms occur vary depending on the severity of the condition and not all of these symptoms have to occur with deep vein thrombosis. 2.6.1 Conditions That May Cause Similar Symptoms Patient is advised not to make any early assumption in having Deep Vein Thrombosis if they are undergo the symptom that stated above since there are a number of different conditions that can cause the same sign and symptoms like DVT. Some of the conditions are: Muscles aches and tears Superficial thrombophlebitis (blood clot that forms in an inflamed part of a vein near the surface of the body) Varicose veins (blood vessels that are abnormally swollen and twisted Blood clots in arteries Arthritis (inflammation of the join) Cellulitis (infection in tissue under the skin) Bone fracture Lymphedema (swelling in the hands and feet caused by excess fluid retention) Since DVT symptoms are quite same like other health problem, patient need to undergo specific procedure and special test to confirm the diagnosis or rule out the other problem. IMAGING MODALITIES 3.1 First Line Evaluation 3.2 Second Line Evaluation IMAGES FEATURE OF PATHOLOGY TREATMENT AND PREVENTION PROGNOSIS CONCLUSION

Rescuing the Everglades Essays -- Geology

Rescuing the Everglades INTRODUCTION The Everglades, commonly referred to as the "River of Grass," is the largest remaining sub-tropical wilderness in the lower 48 states. It contains both fresh and saltwater areas, open Everglades prairies, pine rocklands, tropical hardwood forests, offshore coral reefs, and mangrove forests. The broad spectrum of wildlife living in the Everglades includes aquatic birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, of which fifty-six species are endangered or threatened. Twenty-two of these species reside in two National Parks, four National Wildlife Refuges, and one National Marine Sanctuary which draw 1.6 million visitors every year.... Previously, it was thought, islands of land could be preserved forever by simply drawing national park boundaries. Today, it is clear that this is untrue. National parks are not islands. They are greatly impacted by what happens outside their boundaries. The Everglades is "a Park in Danger." Water management, water quality, non-native species, loss of species, and explosive regional population growth all present challenges for the Everglades; however, there are attempts being made to save the Everglades against these apparent dangers. Return to Top WATER MANAGEMENT Water management is one of the most critical environmental issues facing the Florida Everglades at this point in time. The everglades watershed originates in the central Florida Kissimmee River basin north of Lake Okeechobee. Summer thunderstorms would flood this region, the big lake, and extensive areas of everglades marsh. This created a shallow, wide river which flowed slowly south through the everglades to the mangrove estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico. The summer rains would then give way to a ... ... water pollution cleanup in the Everglades, and Amendment 6, establishing an Everglades Trust Fund. However, there are numerous things that you, as an individual, can do to help the Everglades along with the rest of nature. First and foremost, you must try to conserve water, by methods as easy as turning off the faucet while you brush your teeth or taking shorter showers. Second, use soap instead of detergents since using soaps with low phosphates and nitrates will keep the water table cleaner. Protecting the Everglades is as easy as spreading the word. Tell friends about the concerns you may have, tell them what they can do to help. Contact environmentally active organizations for more information. Be sure to keep these environmental issues in mind when voting, and go ahead and make your concerns known to your legislature. Try your hardest to make a difference! Rescuing the Everglades Essays -- Geology Rescuing the Everglades INTRODUCTION The Everglades, commonly referred to as the "River of Grass," is the largest remaining sub-tropical wilderness in the lower 48 states. It contains both fresh and saltwater areas, open Everglades prairies, pine rocklands, tropical hardwood forests, offshore coral reefs, and mangrove forests. The broad spectrum of wildlife living in the Everglades includes aquatic birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, of which fifty-six species are endangered or threatened. Twenty-two of these species reside in two National Parks, four National Wildlife Refuges, and one National Marine Sanctuary which draw 1.6 million visitors every year.... Previously, it was thought, islands of land could be preserved forever by simply drawing national park boundaries. Today, it is clear that this is untrue. National parks are not islands. They are greatly impacted by what happens outside their boundaries. The Everglades is "a Park in Danger." Water management, water quality, non-native species, loss of species, and explosive regional population growth all present challenges for the Everglades; however, there are attempts being made to save the Everglades against these apparent dangers. Return to Top WATER MANAGEMENT Water management is one of the most critical environmental issues facing the Florida Everglades at this point in time. The everglades watershed originates in the central Florida Kissimmee River basin north of Lake Okeechobee. Summer thunderstorms would flood this region, the big lake, and extensive areas of everglades marsh. This created a shallow, wide river which flowed slowly south through the everglades to the mangrove estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico. The summer rains would then give way to a ... ... water pollution cleanup in the Everglades, and Amendment 6, establishing an Everglades Trust Fund. However, there are numerous things that you, as an individual, can do to help the Everglades along with the rest of nature. First and foremost, you must try to conserve water, by methods as easy as turning off the faucet while you brush your teeth or taking shorter showers. Second, use soap instead of detergents since using soaps with low phosphates and nitrates will keep the water table cleaner. Protecting the Everglades is as easy as spreading the word. Tell friends about the concerns you may have, tell them what they can do to help. Contact environmentally active organizations for more information. Be sure to keep these environmental issues in mind when voting, and go ahead and make your concerns known to your legislature. Try your hardest to make a difference!

Firewalls Keeping the vandals from your computers :: Essays Papers

Firewalls Keeping the vandals from your computers A research paper written by Janice E Chapman for the Cyberculture: Internet Literacy class offered at St Edwards University by Professor Danney Ursery. August 1, 2001. Welcome to the 21st century, constant Internet access, and hackers. The good news is that every time someone does something destructive with Internet technology, someone else does something to counter that destruction. Hence the reason firewalls were created. So, what is a firewall? In short, it is software that prevents someone from accessing your computer, either over a network or the Internet. This software can be configured to only allow e-mail in, to restrict access of known intruders, or to restrict all outside traffic. An important side note is that firewalls are not designed to screen e-mails or files for viruses and restrict just those e-mails or viruses. You would still need a virus control procedure for that. The reason you should protect your computer from outside snoops is the same reason you lock your car or your house. You want to protect your property, and strangers don?t really know if you have any thing valuable to steal until they gain access and look around. In addition, the Internet has a reputation for attracting malicious hackers. These are people who seek entertainment by vandalizing other people?s computers. They may not seek you out specifically, they just happened to have a program that randomly ?pings? Internet protocol (IP) addresses until it finds an unlocked door. DSL, ISDN, or T1 lines connect your computer to the Internet and keep that connection constantly active and the door unlocked. Now that you understand and see the need to protect your computer, the next step is to find firewall software that satisfies your needs. This means only you can decide what is right for you. The Home PC Firewall Guide at http://www.firewallguide.com/ offers third party reviews for small office and home users. For those users seeking a more technical approach to understanding, analyzing, designing, and/or testing firewall security the SANS Institute Information Security Reading Room at http://www.sans.org/infosecFAQ/firewall/norton.htm provides excellent articles written by GIAC-certified professionals. As a home user, I found Mark Greco?s article on Protecting Yourself with Norton Personal Firewall very informative. This article goes a step farther and steps you through the installation and configuration of Norton Personal Firewall. Still not convinced to buy or download free firewall software? Think about this.

My Antonia :: essays research papers

My Antonia by Willa Cather Author: Willa Sibert Cather, Nebraska's most noted author was born in Virginia. At the age of ten she moved with her family to Webster County, Nebraska. Many of Cather's acquaintances and Red Cloud area scenes can be recognized in her writings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cather wrote poetry, short stories, essays and novels, winning many awards. In 1920 she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel One of Ours, about a Nebraska farm boy who went off to World War I.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willa Cather's reputation as one of America's finest novelists rests on her novels about Nebraska and the American Southwest. These novels express her deep love of the land and her distaste for the materialism and conformism of modern life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Devoted to values such as the importance of family and the need for human courage and dignity, she created strong female characters whose sort of strength and determination had previously been attributed to only men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My Antonia, one of Cather's best works, is an unconventional, romantic novel of prairie life. It tells the story of a remarkable woman whose strength and passion epitomize the pioneer spirit. Characters:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jim Burden - The man narrating the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antonia Shimerda -The daughter of Bohemian immigrants and the heroine of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ambrosch Shimerda - Antonia's mean brother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marek Shimerda -Antonia's mentally disabled brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yulka Shimerda - Antonia's younger sister.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. and Mrs. Shimerda - Antonia's gently father who committed suicide, and her   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  bitter, complaining mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Larry Donovan - The man Antonia thought was going to marry her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lena Lingard - A girl that Jim grew up with and was successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anton Cuzak - Antonia's husband. The Book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book begins with an introduction. In the introduction it tells about James Quale Burden (Jim Burden) and how the story came to be written. The introduction is written by a woman who is an old friend to Jim and who grew up in the same Nebraska town as he did. They are both now living in New York where Jim is a successful lawyer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She tells about Jim's wife, Genevieve, who she does not like, and doesn't think she is well suited for Jim. They start talking about Antonia, who they both knew and admired, and wondering why something wasn't written about her. Months later, Jim brings her what he had written and She writes the narrative as Jim had written it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story begins with ten year old Jim Burden traveling from Virginia to Nebraska to live with his grandparents after losing his parents.

History of fashion in 1920s

History Of Fashion In The Twenties How the women and fashion changed? In sass fashion history, the initial break with the traditional styles stemmed from the inspiration drawn from the Aesthetic and Rational Dress Reform Movements of the late 19th century. Exciting theatrical costume designs which broke the rules also paved the way for more relaxed dressing. This was all fast forwarded during the war years and led to the major changes in construction of clothes and undergarments for the remainder of the century. Prohibition, the proliferation of Jazz, and the development of mass media were the hallmarks of the sass.Youth was at a premium because so many young people were killed during the war. As a result, teenagers had a new freedom that they used to usher in the Afro-influenced Jazz age. Clara Bow, Louise Brooks, Rudolf Valentine, and Josephine Baker were popular stars of the time, personifying many of the modern ideals. For women, face, figure, coiffure, posture and grooming becam e important fashion factors in addition to clothing. In particular, cosmetics became a major industry. Glamour was now an important fashion trend, due to the influence of the motion picture industry and the famous female movie stars.The sass saw the emergence of three major women's fashion magazines: Vogue, The Queen, and Harpers Bazaar. Vogue was first published in 1892, but its up-to-date fashion information did not have a marked impact on women's desires for fashionable garments until the ass's. These magazines provided mass exposure for popular styles and fashions. During the early sass, waistlines were at the waist, but were loose and not fitted. Women wore suits with long hemlines and somewhat full skirts, often with belts at the waist of the Jackets.Dress and suit bodices alike were worn loose, even baggy. By 923, waistlines began to drop to a point between the natural waist and hips, while styles continued to be loose and baggy. In 1924 the waistline dropped to the hip. In 1 925, â€Å"shift† type dresses with no waistline emerged. At the end of the decade, dresses were being worn with straight bodices and collars. Tucks at the bottom of the bodices were popular, as well as knife-pleated skirts with a hem approximately one inch below the knee. In 1928, styles changed again! Hemlines rose to the knee and dresses became more fitted.These changes laid the foundation for the elegantly styled fashions of the sass. Many garments of the sass fastened with buttons. The closer-fitting flapper- style dresses fastened with a continuous lap, usually applied to the left side seam of the garment. Hooks and eyes, buttons, or snaps were all utilized to fasten the lap. The zipper, first patented in 1893, was not utilized in garments until the latter part of the decade. It was originally known as a â€Å"locker†, and did not receive its current name until 1926. It was not widely used until the late sass.Cotton and wool were the abundant fabrics of the decad e. Silk was highly desired for its luxurious qualities, but the limited supply made it expensive. In 1891, â€Å"artificial silk† was first made from a solution of cellulose in France. After being patented in the United States, the first American plant began production of this new fabric in 1910. In 1924 this fiber became known as rayon. Rayon stockings became popular in the sass as a substitute for silk stockings. Rayon was also used in undergarments. Women, celebrating such liberties as the right to vote in , were now more daring than ever before.It was considered fun to smoke, visit speakeasies, wear makeup, swear, and otherwise shock conventional thinkers. In 1927 when short skirts were all the age; young women strove to show off their knees with increasing abandon. Many girls even rolled down their stockings and painted rouge on their knees in an effort to emulate a â€Å"naughty schoolgirl† look. The foot also became a focal point of fashion. Shoe styles were inf luenced by crazes like the Charleston, a dance that demented a securely fastened shoe with a low heel and closed toe.A single-bar pump with a pointed toe, high-wasted heel, and one tiny covered button was the most common style. High tongued, cutaway decorated, crossover, and t-straps were other popular elements. The curiosity for exotic arts and culture was fueled by the discovery of Egyptian King Tutankhamen tomb in 1922. Egyptian themes appeared in everything from furniture to clothing. Shoes also reflected this theme. Bright fabrics and brilliantly dyed leather – including metallic – were used to create some of the most exciting shoes ever seen.The heels were often works of art themselves. The late sass saw the adoption of two-toned spectators for men, perfect with the popular knickers. In the ass, men were still in a conservative mood. The wide trousers were still worn, sometimes as wide as 24 inches at the bottom! The knickers and ‘plus fours' were popular w ith sporty types, and were buckled 4†³ below the knee (hence the name ‘plus fours'). Light colors were favored in summer, but darker and animal fur was favored when the weather got cold.By now all the college boys were wearing the popular raccoon coat, and some of the women were too. The following are the events that affected fashion in sass and even today: Channel's pioneering Jersey sweater and pleated skirt. Ensembles are now accepted as easy wear. Debutante Daisy Fellows challenges convention wearing black when presented to the Queen at Bucking Palace instead of the traditional white. Ђ Dress Essentials magazine features scarves among accessories; color coordination becomes a conscious feature of the average woman's wardrobe. Ђ The Prince of Wales now orders all his trousers to be made with cuffs, and (unlike his father) wears suits in town. East European folk embroideries inspire the peasant look in women's Soviet Atelier of Fashion is formed. Wear. Bobbed ha ir becomes the rage. Tunisia takes off with â€Å"Tutankhamen† overzealous, Egyptian colors, scarab and lotus Jewelry, etc. The Textile Color Card Association of the United States is formed, n attempt to establish a standard system of colors identified by numbers. First feature on the â€Å"little black dress†. Ђ â€Å"Oxford bags† are worn by young graduates. The hemline is the shortest in history. US production of rayon viscose reaches 53 million pounds for the year. Vogue's More masculine elements enter female dress. The severely short â€Å"Eaton crop† haircut ousts bobbed hair. Jeanne Lanolin opens first boutique for men. Patent leather shoes are new. Nancy Canard, wearing African bangles to the elbows, is photographed by Man Ray. The press declares â€Å"fever chart† hemlines. Hat brims return to fashion. The first of Schizophrenia's tromped Leila sweaters are a resounding success. Ђ Men's Dress Reform Party is founded in Britain. A n ew femininity: hemlines are now longer for drawer, as well as evening. In Conclusion, Fashion was made available to a broader sector of the public as a result of modern retail policies and the idea that consumerism meant emancipation. Lighter garments of simpler cut and the electrification of the factories also made mass production possible. In many ways, the twenties established the themes and marketing policies that would be developed in the post-World War II period and that are so familiar to us today.

Teacher Leadership Does Culture Make a Difference

IntroductionResearch about educational leading theoretical accounts and teacher leading has largely been done in western contexts such as the USA, the U.K and Australia ( Dimmock & A ; Walker, 2000 ) . One job of reassigning educational constructs from the West is undervaluing the impact of civilization on the successful execution of a policy in a context where the civilization is different ( Goh, 2009 ) , because taking an organisation is interwoven with the civilization of those supervised ( Busher, 2006 ) . In some contexts, the organisational construction of an establishment differs from that of the state. In such a instance, pedagogues are most likely to confront challenges when using leading manners that differ from what is considered the norm in that cultural context ( Law & A ; Glover, 2000 ) . Cultural diverseness has been associated with differences in universe positions that have bearing on behavioural differences ( Tajfel & A ; Turner, 1986 ) . These differences manifest themselves into comprehending oneself as a member of one group and the perceptual experience of others as foreigners ( Giles, Wiemann & A ; Coupland, 1991 ) . This necessitates more cross-cultural surveies because most of the surveies about civilization come from the concern field ( Dimmock & A ; Walker, 2000 ) . In educational establishment, leaders ‘ apprehension of their ain cultural background and that of their module is indispensable because many educational establishments now have staff from different civilizations ( Slethaug, 2007 cited in Walker & A ; Riordan, 2010 ) . This is peculiarly true in the field of TESOL in the Arabian Gulf where most module members are non- Arabs and the direction is largely Western. This instance survey purposes to research the interrelatedness between teacher leading and civilization at a multicultural English Department at an establishment of higher instruction in the State of Qatar.Literature Reappraisal:Surveies that examine leading fro m an Arab position have been conducted entirely in the Fieldss of concern and cross-cultural psychological science. There are legion models for analyzing and comparing cultural values at the social degree and their impact on household, instruction, workplace, and province ( Hofstede, 2001 ) . Research refering to the Arabian Gulf derives from either the work of Geert Hofstede ( Dedoussis, 2004 ) or from the Globe Project ( Abdallah & A ; Al-Homoud, 2001 ) . These surveies have been criticized for 1 ) trying to homogenise the different civilizations ( Walker & A ; Dimmock, 2000 ) , 2 ) issues associating to informations aggregation, analysis, and cogency ( Smith et al. , 2007 ) , 3 ) the alteration in values because of economic development ( Inglehart & A ; Baker, 2000 ) , 4 ) and using these findings to a national degree without accounting for single and organisational differences ( Robertson et al. , 2001 ) . In this vena, Theoretical model1.1 Teacher leading:There is no clear cut and agreed upon definition for the term ‘teacher leading ‘ . The deficiency of consensus on a definition for the term can be attributed to the fact that it is wide and includes many facets ( York-Barr & A ; Duke, 2004 ) . The same position is shared by Lord and Miller ( 2000 ) who province that there is deficiency of apprehension of the term teacher leading and how it works. The focal point of the construct instructor leading is based on the capableness of instructors in holding and giving input on issues related to the school, which are non merely associated with decision makers and directors ( Harris & A ; Muijs, 2003 ) . The leading functions assumed by instructors can be formal or informal ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . Undertaking informal instructor leader functions includes, among other things maps done by the instructor inside the schoolroom such as planning lessons, pass oning ends, oversing the pupils, and making a pleasant acquisition environment ( Berlinger, 1983 cited in Muijs & A ; Harris, 2003 ) . Taking the enterprise and sharing experiences with other instructors are besides illustrations of informal instructor leading. On the other manus, being in a formal instructor leading place involves duties associated with occupation rubrics such as coordinators, supervisors, course of study experts, or caputs of sections ( York- Barr & A ; Duke, 2004 ) . Keeping such occupations normally consequences in traveling off from the schoolroom ( Ash & A ; Persall, 2000 ; Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . A teacher leader could hold no teaching responsibilities so that s/he engages to the full in his/her leading place, or learn full-time while executing leading undertakings, or have reduced learning burden to set about the extra leading responsibilities ( Lord & A ; Miller, 2000 ) . Some research workers like Katzenmeyer and Moller ( 2001 ) believe that instructor leaders lead both inside and outside the schoolroom and this leads to lending to the wider community. This will take to betterment in educational patterns. Based on this definition, the function of a teacher leader is non merely confined within the schoolroom context and but goes beyond it in doing a alteration and act uponing others. The range of much of the definitions of the term instructor leader discussed is limited to what instructors do indoors, outside the schoolroom, and the positive results of teacher leading on pupils ‘ accomplishment. A more comprehensive and delineated apprehension of the construct is covered in Leithwood ‘s et. Al ( 2003 ) survey in which they categorized leading. Some of the aspects covered in their survey and did non have as much attending in the literature were: personality, orientation to people, and communicating accomplishments. ( finish ) – from Patricia The inclination in the literature is to associate teacher leading with administrative functions in stead of informal functions performed in the schoolroom. Danielson ( 2006 ) is of the sentiment that formal instructor leading functions designated by disposal do non represent existent leading. True leading is the self-generated response to a demand which is initiated by the instructor. For the intent of this survey, teacher leading refers to instructors ‘ ability to take outside the schoolroom without holding a formal occupation rubric.1.2 Factors act uponing instructor leading1.2.1 Teachers ‘ ain perceptual experiences and those of other co-workers of teacher leadingThe teacher leading literature reveals a figure of hindrances that make exerting teacher leading hard ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . Barriers to teacher leading can be instructors themselves. Teachers may non see themselves as leaders because they think they are lone instructors ( Lieberman et. Al, 2000 ) . This reflects some instructors ‘ strong belief that being a instructor involves learning merely and the undertaking of a school disposal is to pull off and take ( Barth, 2001 ) . Another related aspect is the premise that it is portion of the instructor ‘s occupation to implement programs devised by others higher up in the school direction ( Boles & A ; Troen, 1996 ) . Colleagues can suppress exerting teacher leading when they are non accepting and supportive of teacher leading enterprises ( Little, 2000 ) by doing teacher leaders feel isolated ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . However, co-workers can besides be a encouraging factor of teacher leading and this will be discussed in the following subdivision.1.2.2 Collaboration and collegialityCollegiality and coaction have both been identified as factors lending to instructors ‘ authorization and committedness ( Fullan, 1994 ; Jarzabkowski, 2000 ) . A sense of collegiality leads to trueness, trust, and a sens e of community ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . Collegiality and coaction are used interchangeably in the literature and there is a deficiency of consensus on their specific significance. Hargreaves ( 1994 ) is a good instance of point as he suggests that assorted signifiers of collegiality and coaction exist and each has a different intent. He farther notes that collegiality as a term lacks lucidity. aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦1.2.3 Professional developmentWithin the literature, it is argued that instructors ‘ battle in professional activities support their leading functions. Effective instructor leaders strive to better their instruction accomplishments ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . These professional development activities should besides concentrate on facets refering to instructors ‘ leading functions ( Harris & A ; Muijs, 2003 ) such as presenting workshops, carry oning action research, and join forcesing with others ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ; Sparks, 2002 ) . Formal professional development activities include go toing workshops and conferences whereas informal 1s involve reading about issues related to professional development country of involvement and be aftering with instructors ( Ackerman, Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) . The principals ‘ function is to recommend instructors ‘ professional development by offering clip and resources ( Muijs & A ; Harris, 2003 ) . Developing instructors ‘ leading accomplishments will enhance/ optimise the likeliness that staff members will be successful when taking on a leading function ( Danielson, 2006 ) .1.2.4 School civilization and the function of the principal1.3 Why should teacher leading be promoted?One statement for advancing teacher leading is affecting instructors in the decision-making procedure will take to doing more informed determinations. Teachers have a deep apprehension due to their day-to-day contact with pupils ( York-Barr & A ; Duke, 2004 ) . Another statement in favour of implementing teacher leading is to increase instructors ‘ feelings of ownership ( ibid ) . This alteration in instructors ‘ function is needed because their feeling of impotence affects their functions and standing ( Moore, 2001 ) . Teachers ‘ engagement in determination devising makes them less disposed to experiencing they are inactive victims ( Barth, 2001 ) . She states that instructors would experience as a consequence of such authorization as â€Å" a excellent citizen in the school house instead than stay the subsidiary in a universe full of superiors † ( ibid, p. 445 ) . Teaching is a lone occupation and making an environment where instructor leading is encouraged will ensue in making a more professional work environment ( ibid ) . Research findings besides show that teacher empowerment encouragements instructors ‘ confidence and sense of fulfilment at work which play a function in better public presentation as a resulted of being extremely motivated ( Katzenmeyer & A ; Moller, 2001 ) .Methodology:Qatar background info The English Department investigated in this survey is multicultural. There are over 120 module members from 25 different states. However, the huge bulk are British and American. The direction squad consists of the Head of Department and five other coordinators, four of whom are westerners. These coordinators assist the Head of Department ( HOD ) on different issues and these five make determinations on all affairs refering to academic, administrative, and forces personal businesss. The following degree of direction includes four degree supervisors ( in-between directors ) – one supervises each degree of the plan. All Faculty service in one of the five commissions and this constitutes 10 – 20 % of their one-year assessment class. The coordinators make determinations in their countries through audience with their commission members. Faculty ‘s engagement in determinations refering to policy is done indirectly through their commission work. Their direct engagement is by finishing studies, being portion of focal point groups, and giving feedback on the different countries of the plan. Decisions and of import intelligence are communicated to Faculty and staff through electronic mail and Blackboard. A instance survey was employed in the survey because it â€Å" involves the survey of an issue explored through one or more instances within a delimited system. † ( Creswell, 2007 ) . Yin ‘s definition- what is the edge system? Theoretical justification – why interpretative paradigm? Why non positivist paradigm? The participants in the survey were 10 Faculty members in an English Department of an Institution of Higher Education in the State of Qatar, a peninsula in the Arabian Gulf. The Western participants were British and American. The Arab Faculty members come from four different Arab states. The little sample size of the survey makes it hard to generalise the findings but should offer penetration into the function of civilization and its interrelatedness with the positions of teacher leading. Informed consent signifiers were sought from the participants. There was no demand to obtain permission from gatekeepers because my ain workplace was studied. To guarantee the privateness of the participants, anonym are used and the nationalities of the participants are non revealed in order for the respondents non to be easy identified. The end of a qualitative enquiry is to understand a phenomenon from the point of position of the participant and this can be achieved by holding a purposeful sample which ( Merriam, 2002 ) defines as pre-determining the indispensable standards for taking who is to be interviewed or sites to be observed ( ibid ) . The survey trying technique is purposeful since participants were chosen harmonizing to their nationalities and cultural backgrounds.Data Collection:I collected informations utilizing interviews because utilizing interviews enable respondents â€Å" to discourse their readings of the universe in which they live and to show how they regard state of affairss from their point of position † ( Cohen et. Al, 2007, p. 267 ) . Another advantage is during the interview, the interviewer can inquire follow-up inquiries to spread out on the issue, to seek elucidation, or to contextualize ( Books, 1997 ) . A semi- structured interview format was employed to â€Å" obtain descript ions of the life universe of the interviewee with regard to construing the significance of the described phenomena. † ( Kvale, 1996, p. 5- 6 ) . The interview had aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . points. The instructors were interviewed separately. The interview inquiries were constructed by mentioning to relevant teacher leading literature. Interview inquiries were discussed with Faculty members with cognition and expertness in the country of civilization and educational leading to guarantee the face cogency. The interview was piloted with two participants who had the same features as the research participants. Prior to carry oning the existent interview, all interviewees were sent a screen missive explicating the intent of the survey which stated its wide subjects and included a petition to audio-tape. The single interviews lasted 40 proceedingss. To triangulate the informations, focal point groups were used as the 2nd informations aggregation tool. The intent of carry oning focal point groups is to obtain the corporate position of a group sing an issue ( Morgan, 1997 ) . Two focal point groups were conducted: one with Arabs and the other with Westerners. The written texts of both interviews and concentrate groups were sent to participants for intents of informations proof. The information was analyzed inductively because most qualitative surveies aim to bring forth new theories and accounts instead than get downing with a priori theories or hypotheses to turn out ( Gibbs, 2007 ) . The function of the research worker is really of import in the interpretative paradigm in both informations aggregation and analysis since the research worker is non detached from the subject of probe ( Cohen et. Al, 2007 ) . Social and educational research is viewed as â€Å" a societal activity that it is influenced by factors like political relations and power dealingss within the research context. † The values and motive of the research workers have consequence every bit good ( Blaxter et. Al, 1996, p. 15 ) . This necessitates the research worker to be automatic about his/ her impact on the survey ( Denscombe, 1998 ) . To this extent, I am cognizant of the possible influence of my cultural background on the survey.Research inquiries:Results & A ; Discussion:Leading in category is â€Å" 2nd nature † to instructorsBoth Arab and Western staff members felt that it was normal to take in category and that it is the existent leading function for instructors. Informal lead ing functions identified by the respondents could be categorized into: instructors ‘ function, relationship with the pupils, and teacher personality. Teachers ‘ function in category was the focal point of most of the participants. Leadership facets identified under instructors ‘ function include: being a facilitator, patterning positive behaviour, set uping boundaries and pull offing category, consciousness of latest inventions and theories, accomplishing the ends and aims of the course of study. The function of being a facilitator, a function theoretical account, and successful direction were the lone functions mentioned by two participants. The 2nd class is relationship with the pupils. The survey sample mentioned motive, set uping trust with the pupils, cognizing pupils ‘ civilization and involvement, transfusing regard in the pupils. The personality facet of a teacher leader as accessible was mentioned by one Western participant. One Arab participant prov inces, â€Å" Leading in category is 2nd nature to instructors. † Another Western participant remarks, â€Å" Teachers are in charge in category because they know who they are. †There are chances to take outside category but aˆÂ ¦All participants in the survey irrespective of their cultural background did non tie in teacher leading with prima outside category. Leadership outside category is exercised through giving feedback on different issues associating to curriculum and other issues. Two Western participants expressed the position that â€Å" One of the sarcasms of instruction is that in order to hold a greater leading function you need to travel off from teachingaˆÂ ¦ You need to travel to disposal. † They expressed the sentiment that one time you have a formal leading function you can get down to do a difference outside the schoolroom context. The differences between the Arab and the Western participants emerged when replying this research inquiry . The Western participants ‘ responses focused on different facets associating to organisational civilization, and leaders ‘ personality traits that limit exerting leading in the Departmental degree. One American participant believes that it all depends on the leader of the plan and states â€Å" if instructors are allowed to follow their passion, they can go leaders in their ain countries. † Another British participant touches on the function of co-workers in furthering or hindering teacher leading. In the single interview, she maintains â€Å" with co-workers it is difficult to further some sort of leading because you feel intimidatedaˆÂ ¦ you have no right. † She stated the demand for regard of people ‘s age, gender, experience, place, and how long they have been in the Department. She is of the sentiment that â€Å" In some establishments, some co-workers may resent instructors doing determinations if they do non keep an official leading rub ric. † Harmonizing to the participants, bitterness of co-workers taking on leading functions without holding a formal occupation rubric can be attributed to personality traits instead than social civilization. One British participant was of the sentiment that due to strong hierarchy in the Middle East direction systems teacher leading can non be applied outside the schoolroom. He believes that â€Å" If you try to interrupt into that hierarchy, you are short-circuiting the concatenation of bid. † All Western participants agreed on the demand to separate between stereotype and personal experience. An American respondent contends that â€Å" like any bureaucratic establishment, there are degrees that you can lift to where you wo n't be resented. But one time you start acquiring past a certain degree bitterness will kick in. † The other three participants agreed with him on the demand to understand and cognize how to cover with hierarchies across different civilizations. The American warned that if people insist on making things the same manner they are done in their place states they â€Å" will run into a wall instantly. † The influence of the leader ‘s personality was identified by merely one participant who expressed the demand for leting instructors to â€Å" follow their passion † which will take to making unfastened duologue where people can experience free to show their thoughts. Most of the Arab participants besides believed that leading functions outside category were limited. One ground given was the fact that instructors are supervised by degree supervisors and coordinators and that a instructor ‘s function is to learn in category merely. Another ground identified was instructors felt everything was â€Å" spelled out â€Å" for them which leaves no room for instructors ‘ originative input. Those who believed in holding chances to take outside category maintained that denoting vacant degree supervisor and coordinator places reflected the Administration ‘s position that instructors are capable of taking leading functions. The Arab respondents expressed assorted positions about the function of co-workers in taking on leading functions outside category. While some respondents felt that their co-workers ( Arab transcripts ) .